The possibility of express analysis of the effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on bacteria (Escherichia coli) using a sensor system based on a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral electric field with an operating frequency range of 6–7 MHz is shown. E.coli strains, both sensitive and resistant to kanamycin were used for the experiments. During evaluating the kanamycin effect on bacteria, the change in the electrical impedance modulus of the resonator was used as an analitical signal. It has been established that the criterion for the antibiotic bacteria sensitivity is the change in the modulus of the sensor electrical impedance after antibiotic exposure on bacteria at any frequency near the resonance. The sensor is highly sensitive and allows diagnosing the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria within 7–9 minutes.

The Сhikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus, the Flaviviridae family, and is a zoonotic arbovirus infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Chikungunya fever causes explosive epidemics involving millions of cases. There is an urgent need to develop broad-spectrum antivirals. Actual is the development of a model of screening in vitro effective drugs. To select the optimal screening conditions, a comparative analysis of cell cultures sensitivity to Сhikungunya virus, strain FN198/66 was carried out. The dynamics and level of virus accumulation at different infectious doses were estimated. It is shown that the Сhikungunya virus, strain FN198/66, well propagated in transplantable cell cultures Vero V, Сl008 Vero, BHK-21/13 and TC-17. All studied cell lines can be used to screen for effective non-specific medical defenses against Сhikungunya virus.

The ability of Vibrio cholerae to form biofilms may cause ineffectiveness of cholera treatment and prevention. The aim of the study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of V.cholerae in biofilms. Material and methods. Sensitivity to 11 antibacterial agents was determined for biofilms of 10 strains of V.cholerae of different serogroups isolated from humans and from water obtained for 48 hours at 37°C on plastic plates in vials with autoclaved tap water infected with a suspension of 10⁴ V.cholerae microbial cells. For this purpose the plates were washed three times in physiological solution and transferred into penicillin vials with double dilutions of antibacterial agents in liquid nutrient medium (Martin's broth, pH 7.7). After 24 hours of cultivation in the thermostat (37°C), the biofilms were imprinted and 0.1 ml of plankton culture was seeded onto plates with Marten's agar (pH 7.7). After 24 hours in the thermostat (37°C), the biofilms were imprinted and 0.1 ml of plankton culture was sown on plates with Marten's agar (pH 7.7). The result was counted after 24 h, determining the minimum suppressive concentrations of preparations by the presence or absence of V.cholerae growth. Results. The strains studied in biofilm communities, in contrast to the planktonic form, were highly resistant to all antibacterial drugs taken in the study, except for ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of cholera and other infections whose causative agents are cholera vibrio, it is necessary to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of V.cholerae biofilms.

The study is devoted to the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae of the pyrimidine compound 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazoline-4(3H)-one under in vivo conditions in a model of generalized infection. The experiment was performed on 40 CBA line mice, which were divided into four groups: Group 1, control animals that received intraperitoneal injection water in an equivalent volume (control I); Group 2, infected animals that received no treatment (control II); Group 3, mice with generalized infection that received ceftriaxone at a dose of 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 7 days as treatment; Group 4, infected animals that received the study compound at a dose of 31 mg/kg (1/10 of the molecular weight) for 7 days. Generalized infection was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of Cl. pneumoniae at a dose of 3×10⁶ in a volume of 0.5 ml. In the course of the experiment, animal survival rate was evaluated. After the mice were removed from the experiment, the blood, liver, spleen and lungs were calculated, and the total number of leukocytes, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were determined. The compound under study was found to increase the survival rate of laboratory animals under conditions of generalized Klebsiella infection, as well as to decrease the insemination index, the total number of leukocytes and the level of markers of generalized infection. Thus, the pyrimidine derivative 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one exhibits antibacterial activity comparable to that of the reference drug — ceftriaxone against Klebsiella pneumoniae under experimental infection.

Relevance. Long-term results of treatment of patients with widespread drug-resistant tuberculosis are not presented in the medical literature. Objective. Study the efficacy and long-term results of treatment of patients with widespread drug-resistant tuberculosis using bedaquiline. Material and methods. Two groups of patients with widespread drug-resistant tuberculosis were formed, who received bedaquiline as the base drug of the chemotherapy course: bedaquiline in the main group (49 people) and moxifloxacin in the control group (76 people). The results of treatment at the end of the course of chemotherapy and after three years of follow-up were studied. Results. 87.8±9.2% of patients from the main group completed an effective course of treatment with sputum culture control. In 67.3±13.1%, the cessation of bacillus excretion was achieved at 1–2 months of treatment. Undesirable effects of chemotherapy were noted in 10.2–32.7% of cases, with prolongation of the QT interval only in 8.2±7.7% of patients. After a three-year dispensary follow-up, there was no recurrence of tuberculosis in the main group, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was less common for the fifirst time, no cases of treatment by a cardiologist and gynecologist were found, the transfer of patients from the second disability group to the third was more often observed. Conclusion. The use of bedaquiline for the treatment of patients with widespread drug-resistant tuberculosis makes it possible to achieve early cessation of bacillus excretion with transfer to outpatient treatment, reduce the frequency of adverse reactions of chemotherapy. The long-term results of dispensary observation indicate a low risk of reactivation of tuberculosis, a significant reduction in the need for dispensary observation by other specialists, including a cardiologist, and improvement in the results of complex rehabilitation.

The review presents recent materials about the growing influence of micro- and nanoplastics (MP/NP) on the spread of pathogenic viruses in humans and animals. The issue of the interaction of viruses with the plastisphere, the role of the virus envelope in the preservation of these microorganisms on microparticles in the composition of the biofilm has been elucidated. The issues of synergism of the pathogenetic action of MP/NP and viruses, studied on various models, are discussed. The article shows the negative effect of MP/NP on the permeability of the body's natural barriers, which can create favorable conditions for the penetration of viruses and the development of an infectious process. The authors draw attention to the need to expand interdisciplinary research in this area, given the fact that viruses residing on MP/NP can increase their infectivity and, possibly, form new genovariants.

Dissemination of microbial resistance to biocides, including disinfectants, is one of the acute problem, which poses biological and economic threats to all countries in the world. Understanding the mechanisms of microbial resistance to disinfectants is a necessary scientific basis for searching ways to overcome it. Despite the wide use of disinfectants, developing bacterial resistance to them has been less studied than to antibiotics. This review presents data on the main molecular mechanisms of microbial resistance to disinfectants.

Purpose. Search and presentation of data from experimental and clinical studies reflecting the central role of succinate and succinate dehydrogenase in the regulation of adaptation mechanisms in critical conditions. Material and methods. The search for literature sources was carried out using the electronic resources of the Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.ru, with the use of the following keywords: «Krebs cycle, succinate, succinate dehydrogenase, critical conditions», as well as in the English-language text database of medical and biological publications on medical sciences PUBMED, where similar keywords «Krebs cycle, succinate, succinate dehydrogenase, critical conditions» were used. Results. Taking into account the data presented in the review, it can be stated that the complex of succinate and succinate dehydrogenase is the central link in the Krebs cycle and the main structure of the antihypoxic ensemble of all body cells during the adaptation period under critical conditions. Conclusion. The data of experimental and clinical studies reflecting the central role of succinate and succinate dehydrogenase not only in the mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia, but also in the regulation of inflammation, thermogenesis, hemostasis disorders, acid-base state, electrolyte metabolism, vascular tone and trophism of intestinal tissues, as well as in immunological reactions of the body, allow us to consider the substrate and enzyme as the central link of the Krebs cycle and the main structure of the antihypoxic ensemble of all body cells. The data presented in the review open up new prospects for the use of succinates in critical conditions.

The problem of comorbid infections in rheumatology still remains relevant. Against the background of immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory therapy of immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD), chronic and opportunistic infections (COI) often develop. Some of these infections can be prevented by performing timely screening procedures and preventive measures. A group of experts from the European Alliance of Rheumatology Associations (EULAR) has prepared recommendations on screening procedures and prevention measures for the most common COI (tuberculosis, chronic viral hepatitis B and C, infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and Herpes zoster, pneumocystis pneumonia) within the framework of the IIRD. This article presents the main provisions of this document. The need for periodic review of screening and preventive procedures is emphasized as new scientific data are accumulated.