Фукоиданы бурых водорослей: влияние элементов молекулярной архитектуры на функциональную активность

В обзоре рассмотрены вопросы истории открытия и номенклатуры фукоиданов — интересной группы фукозсодержащих сульфатированных полисахаридов бурых водорослей (Phaeophyceae), отличающихся широким спектром биоактивных свойств. Охарактеризованы факторы, обуславливающие сложное строение этих гетерогенных биополимеров, обобщены экспериментальные исследования, посвященные выяснению роли элементов структуры молекулы биогликанов (химических групп, молекулярной массы, гликозидных связей, моносахаридов) на некоторые биологические свойства — антикоагулятяые, противовоспалительнью, антиоксидантные и др. Отмечено, что несмотря на продолжительную историю изучения фукоиданов, понимание ассоциации тех или иных фармакофорных свойств в контексте особенностей молекулярной структуры далеко от своего завершения из-за чрезвычайной сложности структуры молекул, обусловленной как эндотак и экзогенными (экологическими) факторами, а также из-за проблем воспроизводимости экстракции препаратов фукоиданов. Источники литературы были агрегированы из каталогов библиотек и электронных баз данных (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct).

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