The article studies the effect of sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown algae Fucus evanescens(fucoidan) and the product of its enzymatic transformation on human NK and NKT cells. Significant phenotypic changes in NK and NKT cells were recorded as a result of incubation of whole blood with polysaccharides. This was manifested in an increase in the expression of the activation molecules CD69, CD25, HLA-DR and the degranulation marker CD107a on NK and NKT cells, as well as CD8 molecules on NK cells. The effect of the enzymatic transformation product was significantly more pronounced compared to the native polysaccharide only in relation to the expression of CD69.

To predict the anti-mutant effects of antibiotic combinations against Staphylococcus aureus, the mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of linezolid and daptomycin were determined at a linezolid-to-daptomycin concentration ratio that corresponds to the ratio of the 24-hour areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC24s) that were used in pharmacokinetic simulations in an in vitro dynamic model. The enrichment of linezolid-resistant mutants of two S.aureus strains was observed under linezolid exposure. The growth of daptomycin-resistant mutants exposed to daptomycin was less pronounced. Combination therapy prevented or restricted the development of S.aureus resistance to linezolid or daptomycin, respectively. These findings support the applicability of MPC determination to predict the anti-mutant effects of combination therapy with linezolid and daptomycin.

The article presents the data on the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus ðlantarum ÌÒÑÑ 2621 strain obtained from the collection of microorganisms and the gene bank of the Institute of Microbial Technologies of India. The distinctive feature of the strain is its ability to produce tannase enzyme, which is connected with the antioxidant properties of the probiotic. It was shown that L.ðlantarum ÌÒÑÑ 2621 is antagonistic to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast. Its high potential for adhesion (IAM — 7.10±0.39) and selective resistance to a wide range of antibiotics (oxacillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, enrofloxacin, polymyxin C and polymyxin M) were established. The immunological tolerance of the strain as well as its ability to stimulate nonspecific antiviral defense and innate immune system of the organism due to the activation of the synthesis of type I interferon were revealed in series of preclinical studies. The method of spectral-dynamic analysis shows the potential antitumor activity of L.ðlantarum ÌÒÑÑ 2621 against such oncological diseases as squamous and keratinized cervical cancer, uterine myoma, and cystic process.

The study of the chronic toxicity of the substance «Branched oligo(hexamethylene guanidine) hydrochloride» was carried out with repeated (within 28 days) irrigation of the oral cavity of rats and rabbits. During the experiment, observations were made of the general condition and behavioral activity of animals, feed and water consumption, coat condition, and body weight dynamics. The state of homeostasis was evaluated using functional, hematological, biochemical and pathomorphological methods. According to research results, it was found that the substance during irrigation of the oral cavity of rats at doses of 0.78 mg/kg and 15.6 mg/kg, as well as rabbits at doses of 0.34 mg/kg and 6.8 mg/kg, did not cause significant changes in the clinical condition of animals.

To predict the anti-mutant effects of antibiotic combinations against Staphylococcus aureus, the mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of linezolid and daptomycin were determined at a linezolid-to-daptomycin concentration ratio that corresponds to the ratio of the 24-hour areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC24s) that were used in pharmacokinetic simulations in an in vitro dynamic model. The enrichment of linezolid-resistant mutants of two S.aureus strains was observed under linezolid exposure. The growth of daptomycin-resistant mutants exposed to daptomycin was less pronounced. Combination therapy prevented or restricted the development of S.aureus resistance to linezolid or daptomycin, respectively. These findings support the applicability of MPC determination to predict the anti-mutant effects of combination therapy with linezolid and daptomycin.

The article studies the effect of sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown algae Fucus evanescens(fucoidan) and the product of its enzymatic transformation on human NK and NKT cells. Significant phenotypic changes in NK and NKT cells were recorded as a result of incubation of whole blood with polysaccharides. This was manifested in an increase in the expression of the activation molecules CD69, CD25, HLA-DR and the degranulation marker CD107a on NK and NKT cells, as well as CD8 molecules on NK cells. The effect of the enzymatic transformation product was significantly more pronounced compared to the native polysaccharide only in relation to the expression of CD69.

The article presents a clinical example of the difficulty in diagnosing meningitis in a patient with unexpressed meningeal symptom complex. Among various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, there are key research methods that have made it possible to identify the nature of the infectious process, to diagnose secondary otogenic bacterial pneumococcal meningitis, and to conduct etiotropic antibiotic therapy. The analysis of this clinical case showed that the severity of the infectious and inflammatory process was determined not only by the causative agent of Streptococcus pneumoniae, but also by the existing secondary immunodeficiency state (diabetes mellitus, implants, etc.). In connection with this, significant attention was given not only to the correction of glycemia and antimicrobial therapy, but also to antioxidant therapy, which ensured success of the treatment.

The article identifies and analyzes the factors determining the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy of wound defects in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Sensitivity to antibiotics and the nature of microflora of the strains received from patients with diabetic foot syndrome were studied. It was established that patients with diabetic foot syndrome in Volgograd suffered chronic infectious processes. The authors give recommendations for improving the provision of medical care to patients with diabetic foot syndrome based on the results obtained.

In recent decades, the number and ratio of the main risk factors for infective endocarditis has increased. Among them, injecting drug addiction and other peripheral vascular disease factors play a key role. The article presents the results of a multicenter study with the aim, among other objectives, to determine the structure of risk factors and pathogens of infective endocarditis, followed by the study of the characteristics of antimicrobial therapy. The study included patients of both sexes and all age groups with certain or possible infective endocarditis. 406 cases of infective endocarditis were analyzed.

Hypoxia and oxidative stress are especially distinguished among the links in the pathogenesis of the dry eye syndrome, however tear replacement therapy dominates in the treatment of this disease, while tear stimulants and antihypoxants are still not as popular.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of a preparation containing mitochondrial substrate and oxidation cofactors on the production and composition of lacrimal fluid in occupational dry eye syndrome.

Materials and Methods: 124 patients (office managers and welders) with occupational dry eye syndrome were randomized into 4 symmetric comparison groups. The patients in two of the groups received a medication containing succinic acid, riboxin, nicotinamide, and riboflavin; while the other two groups received placebo. The treatment regimen in all groups consisted of 3 cycles of 2 tablets 2 times per day for 25 days with 1 month break. Schirmer test was used to assess tear production, Norn's test — to control tear stability. Tear composition (proteins, glucose, cholesterine, triglycerides, iron, and calcium levels) was also checked. The tests and tear components assessment were undertaken before and after every cycle, as well as 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment.

Results: initially, tear production and stability of the tear film were reduced by 1.5–2.0 times in both welders and office workers; the content of protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, iron, and calcium was reduced by 2–3 times. As the pharmacodynamic effects of the drug were summarized during treatment, tear production and tear film strength increased by the end of the 3rd cycle, the content of protein, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, iron, and calcium in the lacrimal fluid increased; positive changes prevailed among office workers.

Conclusion: mitochondrial substrates and cofactors improve tear liquid production, properties and composition of the tear film in the case of occupational dry eye syndrome.

The article presents an analysis of research evaluating the effectiveness of nonspecific means of emergency prevention and treatment of Ebola virus disease. It considers the most significant results of preclinical and clinical trials of nonspecific therapeutics for the causative agent of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, as well as the prospects for their use in healthcare practice at present. It has been established that the general tendency to create nonspecific means of prevention and treatment of Ebola virus disease is not the development of new drugs, but the attempts to detect the antiviral activity of already known drugs that previously had a different purpose. Favipiravir is considered as the most effective nonspecific therapeutic against Ebola virus disease.