Trls(1-alkylindol-3-yl)methylium salts that are trls(1-alkylindol-3-yl)methan derivatives with high antibacterial and antifungal activity were obtained through chemical synthesis. These salts were practically not inferior to levolloxacin in their activity against Grampositive bacteria and were almost as good as amphotericin B against yeast Candida albicans yeast or Aspergillus niger fungi. Several derivatives demonstrated moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of derivatives depended primarily on the length of their alkyl radicals, was maximal when radicals had four - five carbon atoms and practically did not practically depend on radical branching. Tris(1-alkylindol-3-yl)methan derivatives revealed an extremely high activity (MIC 0.13-1.0 ^g/ml) against bacteria that are sensitive to antibiotics and resistant strains, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. The most active compounds showed activity in vivo in staphylococcal and candida sepsis models in mice. These results testify to the prospects of the development of new drugs on the basis of tris(1-alkylindol-3-yl)methan capable to overcome drug resistance in pathogens.

The cells of the strain S.aureus R80 strain, resistant to actinomycin D, possess a cell wall, thickened as a result of additional synthesis of peptidoglycan. Addition of D-serine or D-threonine to the environment modify the precursors of peptidoglycan and significantly decreases the strain R80 strain resistance to actinomycin D. Subingibitory concentrations of an antibiotic tunicamycin - effective inhibitor of synthesis of wall teichoic acids S.aureus - do not affect the growth of microorganism but produce a significant increase of sensitivity of the strain R80 strain to actinomycin D. The modification of the composition of peptidoglycan by D-aminoacids as well as the inhibition of the synthesis of wall teichoic acids are likely to increase permeability of a cell wall of the resistant strain S.aureus R80 strain for actinomycin D.

The in vitro activity of the antibiotic amikumacin A against 22 collective test strains and 24 clinical isolates of bacteria and fungi was studied. It is shown that amicoumycin A has a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amicoumycin A against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics of vancomycin group (VR) test strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides of 0.06 ^g/disk were established. In the study of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, amikumacin A exhibited activity against S.aureus, S.epidermidis, C.krusei, Cr.neoformis and Prototheca spp. strains.

The growth of antibiotic resistance of cholera vibrios causes interest in a group of substances of plant origin possessing antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this work was to study the antibacterial properties of pectin in relation to Vibrio cholerae and biofilms formed by it. A 1.0-5.0% solution of pectin caused death of cholera vibrios of various serogroups, both antibiotic-sensitive and possessing multiple antibiotic resistance, when exposed for a total of 1 hour. Biofilms were slightly more resistant to 1.0% pectin and showed high sensitivity to 2.0-5.0% solution of pectin, which also prevented the formation of biofilms. With the help of transmission electron microscopy it was shown that as a result of the action of 5.0% pectin solution within 1 hour a pronounced destruction of the matrix with complete destruction of cholera vibrio cells was observed. The study shows the promise of using pectins in the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by V.cholerae.

An open prospective comparative study of the efficacy of influenza monotherapy with antiviral drug versus combination therapy of two antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action (within the limits of registered medical use for the drug) was performed in 200 patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09. In all patients, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the indication of the virus in nasopharyngeal washings by polymerase chain reaction with pre-reverse transcription (RT-PCR) in real time. All patients were randomly divided into 4 groups of 50 people, they were equivalent in terms of admission to hospital, age, sex, and the length of treatment from the onset of the disease. Group 1 received monotherapy with Umifenovir 800 mg/day in 4 divided doses for 5 days; Group 2 - monotherapy with Oseltamivir 150 mg/day in two doses for 5 days; Group 3 - Umifenovir according to the described scheme in combination with Kagocel 72 mg/day in 3 doses for the first 2 days and 36 mg/day in 3 doses in the following 2 days; Group 4 - Oseltamivir according to the described scheme in combination with Kagocel 72 mg/day in 3 doses for the first 2 days and 36 mg/day in 3 doses in the following 2 days. Criteria for the clinical efficacy of antiviral therapy were the time of temperature normalization, decrease of intoxication, catarrhal symptoms, frequency of the main clinical manifestations, and the frequency of complications development after the end of treatment in comparison with the state before it began. In assessing the duration of the symptomatology, the end point was the absence of symptoms of the disease within 24 hours. The study showed that the combination of etiotropic drugs Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and Umifenovir (Arbidol®) with the antiviral agent Kagocel® makes it possible to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy compared with the corresponding monotherapy, which is expressed by a decrease in the frequency of manifestation of the main clinical indicators, a reduction in the duration of clinical symptoms, and a decrease in the frequency of complications. Good tolerability of treatment by patients was noted.

The data of a multicenter study of the etiology, antibiotic susceptibility, and pharmacoepidemiology of infective endocarditis in 10 regions of Russia is presented. The aim of the study was to analyse the diagnostication and antibacterial therapy in patients with infectious endocarditis. Patients of both sexes and all age groups with a definite and probable infective endocarditis were enrolled in the study. 406 cases of infectious endocarditis were analysed (106 prospective and 240 retrospective). The etiologically valid pathogen was isolated from 144 cases (35.5%). Grampositive cocci (90.3%), mainly S.aureus (46.5% of the all the isolates) prevailed. In the starting antibacterial therapy the most frequent drugs were aminoglycosides (22.8%) and the 3^rd generation parenteral cephalosporins (22.1%). With the change of antibacterial therapy, glycopeptides were more often prescribed - 18.6% of cases.

70 patients with a diagnosis of paratonsillar abscess (PTA) in the age group from 2 to 17 years were treated and examined. All patients underwent surgical treatment at admission - opening of PTA under local anesthesia, followed by removal of purulent contents directly from the cavity of PTA to reveal microflora and its sensitivity. Based on the conducted study of patients with paratonzillar abscesses, surgical opening and drainage is the therapy of choice in the treatment of paratonsillar abscesses. However, antimicrobial therapy is an integral part in the complex treatment of this pathology, and prevents the development of local and systemic complications of this infection. The choice of antibiotic therapy depends on the pathogen, but at the initial stage of treatment preference should be given to broad-spectrum drugs, including antibacterial drugs of the penicillin group.

The review provides the present Russian and international data on the effectiveness of ofloxacin. The drug is effective and safe in the treatment of various pathologies. The drug is sufficiently effective and safe in the treatment of the urological and gynecological infectious pathologies.

Modern therapy, aimed at eradication of H.pylori, includes a set of antisecretory and antibacterial drugs and sometimes bismuth preparations. A feature of modern eradication schemes is the 14-day use of antibiotics, prescribed in high daily doses and selected mainly based on microorganism resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole in the respective region. However, each component of eradication scheme can have rather serious sode effects, as well as affect the bioavailability, biotransformation, excretion, and the potentiation of the effects of the drugs that the patient can take simultaneously with anti H.pylori therapy. The article lists the most serious and common variants of drug-drug interactions of the eradication schemes' components, it gives a description of the mechanism of their development, when applicable. Before the approval official of practical recommendations for the prevention of drug-drug interactions of drugs included in the eradication schemes, commonly available databases containing information about such interactions should be used.