Susceptibility of 50 isolates of Bacillus anthracis to 24 antibiotics was tested by the disk-diffusion method and the method of serial dilutions in solid media. The tests allowed to determine the boundary values of the growth inhibition zones and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics for susceptible and resistant strains of B.anthracis. Nutrient media and reference strains for testing antibiotic susceptibility of B.anthracis are recommended.

Cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics (Ribavirin®, Remantadin® and Ingavirin®), interferon (Realdiron®) and interferon inductors (Larifan®, Ridostin®, Arbidol® and Cytarabin®) was investigated with the use of persistent and diploid cell cultures. Ingavirin® and Ribavirin® from the group of the chemotherapeutics and Razifan® and Ridostin® from the group of the interferon inducrors showed the lowest toxicity. Light microscopy revealed no visible cytopathic changes in the investigation cell cultures exposed to maximum concentrations (≥10⁶ IU) of Realdiron®. In vivo acute toxicity investigation demonstrated that in a concentration of 10⁶ IU per animal weight Realdiron® was not toxic for the albino mice and chinchilla rabbits. The maximum tolerance doses for the albino mice were the following: ≥3000 mg/kg of Ingavirin®, 401.25 mg/kg of Arbidol®, 170 mg/kg of Ribavirin®, ≥100 mg/kg of Larifan® and ≥100 mg/kg of Ridostin®.

Ingavirin® was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the influenza virus strains A/California/04/2009 and A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) in the MDCK cell culture. The coefficient of the cytopathic activity inhibition amounted to 50 and 60%, and the inhibition coefficients of the specific hemagglutinin formation were 50 and 50%, and 79,1 and 75% before and after the enrichment in chick embryos respectively.

The effect of Panavir on the synthesis of ultraearly (α), early (β) and late (γ) proteins of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in the culture of Vero cells was studied. It was shown that the level of the proteins suppression depended on the infection multiplicity and the time of the Panavir addition to the culture.

The therapeutic efficacy of Viferon® (suppositories of human recombinant interferon alfa-2) was investigated in a double-blind controlled study with the use of Arbidol® as a reference drug in the treatment of patients with influenza. Viferon® and Arbidol® lowered the signs of the fever, intoxication, catarrh and the disease as the whole.

Combined antibiotic therapy, including the use of intravenous cefotaxime (a beta-lactam) and azithromycin (a macrolide) was shown advantageous from both clinical and economic viewpoints in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Cycloferon, a prospective interferon inductor, and the mechanism of its action were characterized. Its formulation for external use as liniment was developed. The pharmacotherapeutic effect of the drug in the treatment of paradontitis was shown. The drug efficacy in herpetic lesions of the mouth and lips mucosa was observed. The use of cycloferon in the treatment of the buccal mucosa affections in HIV-infected subjects was substantiated.

Prevention of HIV infection perinatal transmission with specific anti-HIV agents is at present effective and resultant. The use of retrovir and nevirapin in such cases is well known and approved. The Russian anti-HIV drug nicavir (phosphazide) also proved its high efficacy, that was evident from the results of its use in chemoprophylaxis of perinatal HIV infection transmission in HIV-infected pregnant women. The discussion of the results is presented.