Benzoxaborole, a structure in medicinal chemistry privileged due to its desirable physicochemical and drug-like properties, was used for the synthesis of azithromycin-benzoxaborole conjugates in which benzoxaborole fragment was attached to the 11-hydroxy group of the antibiotic via aminoalkylcarbomoyl spacer. The obtained hybrids 5-7 demonstrated wide spectrum of antibacterial activity, especially against susceptible S.pneumonia strain although the investigated modification didn't result in overcoming bacterial resistance in MRSA.

Twenty strains of basidiomycetes were screened for lipolytic activity. Two strains - Trametes versicolor 1 and Hericium erinaceus 0912 - were able to produce lipolytic enzymes during solid medium and submerged cultivation. Oleic acid and yeast extract were selected as the best carbon and nitrogen sources for Trametes versicolor 1, oleic acid, soybean meal and corn steep liquor - for Hericium erinaceus 0912. Hericium erinaceus 0912 accumulated the maximum amount of lipolytic enzymes in the culture medium after 120 h, Trametes versicolor 1 - after 36 h. The culture medium proteins were precipitated by ammonium sulfate and dialyzed, after which the enzyme preparations of lipases were isolated by gel filtration. The weight of the preparation of lipases from H.erinaceus 0912 was 5.5 times greater than the weight of the preparation of lipases from T.versicolor 1, however the activity of the lipases from T.versicolor 1(792.6 mU/mg protein) was three times higher than that of the lipases from H.erinaceus 0912 (204.55 mU/mg protein).

The effect of the ФАb-Sр7 bacteriophage on the change in the electro-optical (EO) parameters of cell suspensions with respect to 14 strains of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, 2 strains of the genus Niveispirillum, 2 strains of Escherichia coli, and 2 strains of Pseudomonas putida, as well as Acinetobacter and Nitrospirillum cells was studied. It is shown that the EO analyzer makes it possible to differentiate situations when bacterial cells interact with a specific bacteriophage from control experiments with no such interaction.The registration of a microbial cell infection with a bacteriophage by the EO analysis method serves as an informative parameter of the presence or absence of cell sensitivity to the bacteriophage studied. The obtained results make it possible to determine the criterion for a specific interaction, which consists of a change in the magnitude of the optical signal by not less than ~10% when a certain amount of bacteriophages is added to the suspension of microbial cells.The results are of interest from a practical point of view since they can be used to create a method for rapid assessment of the effects of bacteriophages on microbial cells.

Platinum-based drugs are widely used in clinical practice. Their efficacy varies widely among patients, which may be due to a disruption of the expression of ERCC1 - excision repair protein. In the prospective study a strictly quantitative analysis of the ERCC1 protein expression was carried out in surgical biopsy specimens of serous ovarian cancer by flow cytometry. ERCC1 expression was revealed in 100% of cases, but the expression level of the marker (the percentage of cells expressing ERCC1) varied significantly between tumors: the minimum was 40%, the maximum - 77%, the median - 64.5%; the average - 64.3+9.0%. The analysis of the Kaplan-Mayer curves showed an inverse relationship between the expression of ERCC1 and the duration of the relapse-free period during a 40-month follow-up after the first-line platinum-taxane chemotherapy (p<0.0008). The median relapse-free period was not achieved in the group of patients with the low ERCC1 expression level (<64.5%), whereas it was 9 months in the group of high ERCC1 expression level (>64.5%). The number of relapses in the groups with high and low levels of ERCC1 was different, 26% and 79% cases, respectively. Similar correlations were revealed by comparison of the average intensity of ERCC1 expression with relapse-free survival. Thus, quantitative assessment of ERCC1 expression indices may predict the efficiency of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.

The growing level of resistance of microorganisms requires a critical reduction in cases of unreasonable use of antibiotics and a reduction in the overall duration of antibiotic therapy. Controlled clinical trials conducted in recent years have confirmed the high effectiveness of the use of the procalcitonin test (B-R-A-H-M-S PCT™) in reducing the occurrence of unjustified prescribing of antibiotic therapy and reducing its duration.In this regard, procalcitonin test promotes the personalization of approaches to antibiotic therapy. It is possible to significantly reduce the frequency of empirical antibiotic therapy in low-risk situations (bronchitis, exacerbation of COPD) by determining the level of procalcitonin (B-R-A-H-M-S PCT™). Monitoring the concentration of procalcitonin allows shortening of the duration of antibiotic therapy in more severe clinical situations (pneumonia, sepsis).

The problem of the incidence ofrespiratory diseases Is one of the most important not only for civil but also for military medicine. During the period from 2004 to 2013, more than fifty percent of servicemen's requests for medical assistance were associated with respiratory diseases. «Pneumo-23» and «Grippol» vaccines are currently used for the prevention of respiratory diseases; however there is no convincing data on the reduction of the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia, but there is a tendency to stabilize respiratory rates at a fairly high level.The conducted studies have shown the possibility of improving the epidemiological situation with community-acquired pneumonia among military personnel due to the use of cytoflavin, which leads to a reduction in the quantity and improvement of rheological properties of sputum, and maintenance of local immunity at the proper level. These effects of the drug reduce the duration of treatment and increase the rehabilitation potential of the patient, including the cases of community-acquired pneumonia.

Increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has recently ceased to be an exclusively medical problem. It affects an ever wider range of socio-economic aspects of the world community and, having reached a high level, grows into a global threat to the health of the world's population. In the course of evolution, bacteria have developed a number of effective strategies for protection against antimicrobial agents. This causes the paramount importance of developing promising strategies for finding alternative strategies for combating infectious diseases. In this review, the authors discuss and analyze several areas of searching for new drugs, potentially capable of becoming an alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy.

The significance of comorbid infections has significantly increased in rheumatology lately, especially in connection with the introduction of genetically engineered biological products into clinical practice. One way to solve this problem is to study and actively use various vaccines. This review examines issues related to the use of vaccines against influenza, pneumococcal infections, herpes viruses, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B in rheumatological patients. The article discusses the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination associated with the prevention of respiratory tract infections as the most common cause of adverse outcome in rheumatological patients. The main directions of future research on the problem are indicated.