Sanguinarin is a plant alkaloid with a wide spectrum of biological activity. The effectiveness of sanguinarin can be increased by its integration into liposomal nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to obtain and purify the pegylated liposome sanguinarine, to study its properties, as well as antitumor and antimicrobial activity in vitro. Pegylated liposome nanoparticles containing sanguinarinewere obtained. The size of the liposomes was 61.8+5.7 nm; the effectiveness of the inclusion of sanguinarine in liposomes was 82.3+4.9%. The article studies the release of sanguinarin from liposome particles and demonstrates its prolonged nature. An in vitro study showed that liposomal sanguinarine exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells of MCF-7 (12.8 μM), L1210 (17.4 μM), A431 (18.67 μM) and HepG2 (20.7 μM). The antimicrobial effect of the liposome form of the drug was established for Gram-positive (B.subtilis ATC 6633 and B.coagulans 429) and Gram-negative (E.coli ATCC 8739) bacteria, as well as opportunistic fungi Aspergillus ustus 6K. The results indicate the prospects of further study of pegylated liposomal sanguinarine as an antitumor and antimicrobial agent.

The article evaluates the inhibitory effect of peptide complexes derived from barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) seeds belonging to various families of plant RP proteins (defensins, lipidtransfer proteins, protease inhibitors of Bowman-Birktype, and bifunctional inhibitors of trypsin/alpha-amylase derived from grasses) and harpino-like peptides (alpha-harpinins) on a number of opportunistic mycelial fungi of the Aspergillus genus by the «alveolar» method, as well as bactericidal effect towards GramPositive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus with the use of flow cytometry and photometry.The primary antifungal effect was observed with respect to the culture collection of fungi-micromycetesof Aspergillus spp. (A.oryzae, A.niger, A.terreus, A.nutans), which was expressed in quantitative suppression of hyphal growth and conidia germination. Only the EcLTP peptide had a statistically significant bactericidal action.The data obtained, on the one hand, allow us to consider this wild grass as a potential donor of highly active polypeptides used for protection of cultivated monocotyledonous plants from diseases caused by specific fungal pathogens, and, on the other hand, as a source of next-generation natural peptide antibiotics.

In this research work 52 collection strains of Vibrio cholerae of different serological groups (O1, O139 and non O1) isolated in Almaty city, Almaty, Zhambyl and Kyzylorda regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan from people and from water samples taken from open reservoirs in different years (1993-2014) were used. The sensitivity of V.cholerae strains to 11 antibacterial drugs was studied. In order to assess the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs we used a disc-diffusion method according to the International Standard of the Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards. The studied isolates (38.4%) had phenotypic resistance markers, and the strains with mono-resistant features prevailed (23.1%); 9.6% of the studied strains had two or more resistant markers. Phenotypic resistance to kanamycin was more frequent (17.3%). Among the isolates of Vxholerae O1 serogroup, the proportion of resistant to antibiotics was 38.5%, among V.cholerae non O1 serogroup - 40%. The share of resistant strains isolated in the isolates Kyzylorda region was significant and amounted to 45.8%. Resistant strains, isolated from water in Almaty city, Almaty and Zhambyl oblasts, had one phenotype resistant to erythromycin. Modeling the incidence of multi-resistance strains of V.cholerae did not show their statistical significance. There are no differences in relation to antibiotics for serogroups.

The article gives the definition of infectious endocarditis, raises the issues of epidemiology, etiology, classification, and diagnostic criteria of this disease. It also presents the results of the treatment regimens analysis of infectious endocarditis cases for 2014-2017 year inMCH No. 24, Department of Health, addresses the perspective implementation of new drugs. Clinical case of successful treatment of infectious endocarditis, characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, and, consequently, extended diagnostic search is discussed. In addition, the case of diagnosing endocardial tuberculosis is of scientific interest, because tuberoculous nature is atypical for infectious endocarditis, however, it should be borne in mind that nowadays, due to the increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, such etiology may occur.

The article presents the scientific substantiation of the use of interferon inducers in an infectious disease clinic the inducers of endogenous interferon of various chemical groups with antiviral action are examined and analyzed. The authors describe specific features of interferon induction by different drugs. They evaluate the effectiveness of cycloferon in the complex treatment of patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral diseases, herpesvirus, arbovirus and intestinal infections, tuberculosis, including in the presence of HIV infection, chronic brucellosis, etc.

Goal. To determine the frequency of detection of pathogenic fungi in a variety of surgical departments, to track the effectiveness of the developed algorithm of systemic and local antifungal therapy. Material and methods. Strains of fungi have been investigated, extracted from the patients situated in the intensive care unit, in the department of thermal injuries, the department of purulent surgery, thoracic, abdominal and vascular surgery. Bioassay Research (biopsy of wounds, bronchial lavage, liquid punctate structures, discharge from catheters and probes, blood culture) was conducted by microscopic and bacteriological methods. Systemic antifungal therapy was strictly prescribed in accordance with the revealed sensitivity of fungi to modern antifungal agents. Local treatment of fungal infestation was carried out with preparations having a wide spectrum of action, including antifungal activity. Results. The species composition of fungi was analyzed in various groups of patients with surgical pathologies. The increase in pathogenic fungi (Candida glabrata and Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus ssp.) in the various clinical groups was most often associated with a significant increase in the number of patients with a long course of the infectious process (recurrent cholangitis, peritonitis, pancreatitis, sternomediastinitis, empyema of the pleura, diabetic foot syndrome, extensive trophic ulcers, paraprotein infections, etc). Variconazole, anidulofungin, mycophengin, caspofungin were administered as starting therapy in the study. Drugs that have iodine compounds in their composition (yodopiron 1% solution, Braunodin B. Braun) show high clinical activity in the topical treatment of various lesions of fungal infection, whereas in the case of large amounts of pus in the wound the drug of choice may be Stellanin-PEG 3% ointment. It is advisable to use a solution of 0.01% miramistin for rehabilitation of the tracheobronchial area during diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy, as well as for rinsing the bladder. Conclusion. The problem of fungal infestation is relevant to all clinical departments of a surgical hospital. For successful prevention and treatment of fungal infestation it is necessary not only to carry out regular bacteriological monitoring of the composition of fungi species, but also to determine the sensitivity of isolated strains to current antifungal drugs. The use of drugs for the topical treatment of fungi can significantly reduce the duration of the use of systemic drugs that have a significant economic value.

Whipple’s disease (WD) is one of rare chronic systemic diseases of infectious etiology. The causative agent of WD -Tropheryma whipplei (TW) - belongs to the ubiquitous bacteria-commensals. Primary infection occurs asymptomatically or in the form of one of the acute forms (gastroenteritis, pneumonia, etc.).If there is a certain immunological defect after a long period of TW-persistence, local chronic forms develop or generalization occurs with the damage to the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, etc.An important role in the diagnosis of WDis assigned to the morphological study of the small intestine mucosa and PCR. The basis of treatment is 2-4-week course of ceftriaxone or meropenem followed by a long (at least 1 year) intake of co-trimoxazole or doxycycline with hydroxychloroquine.The prognosis of the WD is favorable in most cases.

Intensive research of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS) in recent decades has significantly expanded and deepened knowldge about them. As TAS modules were first discovered in the plasmids and later in the chromosomes of bacteria, and after subsequent study of their specific regulation of activation and functions, their image has changed from simple curious genetic objects to one of the most important tools. They play a decisive role in bacterial protection and adaptation to unfavorable growth conditions, including microbial persistence and chronic infection processes, formation of antibiotic resistance. It became clear that these small genetic modules, which can be found almost everywhere in the bacterial genomes, have a high potential for biotechnological and biomedical innovation research, as well as the prospect of developing fundamentally new antibacterial technologies. Given the leading role of TAS for the survival of pathogenic bacteria and the development of the infectious process, modern technologies for creating alternative antibacterial strategies consider these systems to be promising targets for the development of new antimicrobial agents.