A sensor based on the electrodynamic microwave resonator has been developed to determine the antibacterial activity of antibiotics using amoxicillin as an example. Microbial cells immobilized on the polystyrene film surface were used as a sensitive element of the sensor. The optimal conditions for the immobilization of Escherichia coli Xl-1 microbial cells on the surface of a thin polystyrene film modified in high-frequency argon discharge plasma and deposited on a lithium niobate plate were determined. The effect of amoxicillin on immobilized microbial cells was studied using the developed sensor. It has been established that the increase in con- centration of amoxicillin from 5 to 50 μg/ml leads to a significant change in the reflection coefficient S11 at the resonance frequency from the lithium niobate plate in the range of -12.6 dB — -15.1 dB. It has been shown that the developed sensor allows determining the antibacterial activity of drugs in the studied concentration range with an analysis time of 15 min.

The article discusses the development of a new method of producing Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill basidiomycete mycelium immobilized on a bacterial cellulose matrix. Mycelium contains biologically active compounds with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant staphylococcus. The aim of the work was to obtain immobilized mycelium by co-cultivation of L.sulphureus with the producer of bacterial cellulose Gluconacetobacter hansenii. The authors found that when co-culturing the basidial L.sulphureus strain with the bacterial cellulose producing G.hansenii strain, productivity increases by 3.2 times on H5/1 synthetic medium and by 1.9 times on natural Maltax-10 medium (concentration 5%). The resulting immobilized L.sulphureus mycelium has antibacterial properties; its aqueous extracts contain glucans.

Despite the obvious advances in vaccination and therapy, influenza remains a poorly controlled infection with high morbidity and mortality. This study examined the antiviral activity of interferon inducer Kagocel on a mouse model of lethal influenza pneumonia. It has been shown that the therapeutic and prophylactic use of Kagocel leads to a dose-dependent decrease in specific mortality and suppression of virus reproduction in lung tissue. The effect of Kagocel was statistically identical to the effect of the reference drug — Arbidol (umifenovir).

The effectiveness of Ribavirin® was evaluated by the certainty of disease severity reduction and the coefficient of therapeutic action of drugs at the peak of the pathological process calculated by the following indicators: accumulation of the virus in the lungs, lung damage degree reduction, reduction observed in the severity of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of white blood, as well as the severity of changes in biochemical blood parameters. Ribavirin® is most effective when used according to the emergency prevention regimen at a dose of 20 mg/kg (therapeutic action coefficient — 70%); at a dose of 40 mg/kg according to the therapeutic and prophylactic regimen (therapeutic action coefficient — 60%). Increasing the dose of Ribavirin® did not contribute to the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug.

A study of induced antibiotic tolerance of clinical isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitive to meropenem and amikacin revealed the formation of phenotypically heterogeneous persisters in them, represented by the SCV (small colony variant) and NCV (normal colony variant) forms. There was no correlation of persister formation between these antimicrobial drugs (R=-0.37), which indicates different mechanisms of tolerance to antibiotics. The ability of amikacin to induce the formation of SCV persisters was higher than that of meropenem (p-level > 0.05), and the synergistic effect of both drugs contributed to a decrease in their number, to a maximum of 80.0%. At the same time, SCV-persists of K.pneumoniae were characterized by a short-term increase in adaptive resistance to antibiotics, which were used as inducers of the formation of persistent bacterium fractions (p-level > 0.05), which may contribute to their more effective survival in media with antibiotics.

The article discusses the regional features of the diagnosis, course, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The cohort of patients with CAP was dominated by males in the age group of 70 years or older, who had many concomitant diseases. Staphylococcal flora was found to be the main pathogen. Empirical antibacterial therapy was mainly carried out, which does not always correspond to the real picture of the microflora of the patient.

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of cytoflavin inclusion on the dynamics of indicators of arterial ischemic stroke of various etiologies in children. Dynamic monitoring of 47 children with arterial ischemic stroke was carried out, 30 of them received cytoflavin via a slow intravenous drip infusion with 5 ml of the drug per 100 ml of saline for 10 days. Subsequently, after 2, 6 months and one year patients received the tablet form of the drug 2 times a day in the 1st year after the disease in the complex of rehabilitation measures, in the course of 25 days. The control group consisted of 17 patients who received only basic therapy. In addition to the conventional methods of assessment, transcranial ultrasound dopplerography and electroencephalogram were performed; patients were assessed using the pedNIHSS and PSOM-SNE scales. The severity of seizures was evaluated according to the NHS3 scale. The degree of impaired consciousness was evaluated using Glasgow Coma Scale. It was revealed that the inclusion of cytoflavin in neurometabolic correction in patients with arterial ischemic stroke positively affects the state of cerebral hemodynamics, which is confirmed by transcranial ultrasound dopplerography. The clinical effect of the inclusion of the drug in the treatment regimen is manifested by a decrease in sensorimotor and cognitive impairment, a reduced risk of epileptic activity foci forming as a result of a penumbra zone decrease, which ultimately increases the rehabilitation potential of children with ischemic stroke.

According to epidemiological data, 60% of the world's population suffers from Helicobacter pyloriinfection. The multicomponent treatment used in 18–20% of cases does not allow eradication of H.pylori. In addition, reinfection with H.pylori occurs in the majority of treated patients in 3–5 years. An alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of this infection are seaweed products, in particular extracts and polysaccharides with anti-adhesive, anti-toxic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, algae polysaccharides have direct bactericidal effect and can destroy biofilms formed by H.pylori. The modern materials presented in the literature review indicate the prospects of developments related to the use of extracts and polysaccharides from seaweed as the basis for drugs, dietary supplements and functional food products for the prevention and treatment of H.pylori infection.

The review provides a comparative analysis of the inhibitory effect of macrocyclic polyene antibiotics on the reproductive properties of some viruses of various structures — vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enterovirus, influenza virus, etc. The data on the morphological structure of viruses and on the mechanism of penetration of viruses into cells are presented. The article also provides data on the transcription, assembly of viruses, and inhibition of the process of virus replication in cell cultures in vitro using macrolide polyene antibiotics. On the basis of experimental data for the studied viruses, a polyene antibiotics' blocking mechanism of the process of virus penetration through cytoplasmic membranes and their reproduction in the cell is proposed.

Comorbid infections have a significant effect on morbidity and mortality in modern rheumatology, especially in immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRD). In this regard, vaccination is becoming increasingly important in the prevention of infections in IMIRD. The article analyzes an updated version of the recommendations for vaccination of adult patients with IMIRD, proposed by experts of the European League Against Rheumatism at the end of 2019. The safety and immunogenicity of vaccination associated with the prevention of various infections in patients with IMIRD are discussed. The main directions of future research on this issue are outlined.